形容词(1)

　　1. 形容词的位置：

　　代名形容词+数量形容词+性状形容词+名词

　　再细分如下：

　　1放在冠词前的形容词(all， both， such...)+2冠词、指示形容词、所有形容词、不定形容词(the， a， an， this， that， your， some， any...)+3序数(first， second...)+4基数(one， two...)+5性质、状态(kind， fine， good...)+6大小、长短、形状(large， small， big...)+7新旧、温度(old， new， hot...)+8颜色(red， blue...)+9国籍(Chinese， English， Japanese...)+10材料(iron， brick， stone...)+11名词、动名词(boy， house...)

　　2. some和any的用法：

　　(1)两者修饰可数单数名词，表某一个;任何一个; 修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词，表一些;有些。

　　〔2)一般的用法：some用于肯定句;any用于疑问句，否定句或条件句。

　　I am looking for some matches.

　　Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.

　　〔3)特殊的用法：

　　(A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时，问句也用some。

　　Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)

　　(B) any表任何或任何一个时，也可用于肯定句。

　　Come any day you like.

　　(4)some和any后没有名词时，当做代名词， 此外两者也可做副词。

　　Some of them are my students.〔代名词)

　　Is your mother any better?(副词)

　　3. many和much的用法：

　　〔1)many修饰复数可数名词，表许多; much修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。

　　He has many friends， but few true ones.

　　There hasn‘t been much good weather recently.

　　(2)many a：

　　many a和many同义，但语气比较强，并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。

　　Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.)

　　〔3〕as many和so many均等于the same number of。 前有as， like时， 只用so many。

　　These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.

　　They worked like so many ants.

　　(4)as much等于the same amount of， 表同量和同一事情。

　　He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量)

　　I was not in the least surprised， for I had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情)

　　(5)many和much之后不接名词时，作为代名词;另外much也可用副词。

　　Many of them were very tired.

　　I don’t eat much for lunch. 〔代名词)

　　He is much taller than I. (副词〕

　　4. (a) few和(a) little的用法：

　　(1) (a) few用在复数可数名词之前，(a) little用在不可数名词之前。

　　He took a few biscuits. (=several)

　　He took few biscuits(=not many)

　　He took a little butter. (=some)

　　He took little butter. (=not much)

　　(2) few可由bardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。

　　The composition is well written; it has few (=hardly any) mistakes.

　　Few (=Almost no) men can solve it.

　　(3) a few相当于some， several， 含肯定的意味。

　　He has a few (=some or several) friends.

　　(4) a little和little之间的差别，就和a few和few的差别一样，只是(a) little须修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。

　　He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.

　　He is not much better， but there is a little hope.

　　5. 其他的数量形容词：

　　(1) plenty of， a lot of， lots of均表许多，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。

　　The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.(复数名词)

　　The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.(不可数名词)

　　(2) a great (or a good) deal of， a large (or a small) quantity of， a large (or a small) amount of， 均表(量)， 修饰不可数名词。

　　The room contained a great deal of furniture. (不可数名词)

　　The room contained a good deal of furniture. (不可数名词)

　　The room contained a large quantity of furniture. (不可数名词)

　　The room contained a large amount of furniture. (不可数名词)

　　The room contained a small quantity of furniture. (不可数名词)

　　The room contained a small amount of furniture. (不可数名词)

　　(3) a number of “许多;一些”;a great (large， good) number of “许多”，修饰复数可数名词，并且要与复数动词连用。

　　A number of books are missing from the library.

　　The number of books from the library is large.

　　(the number of +复数名词←→单数动词)

　　The room contained a great (or large or good) number of students.(复数可数名词)

　　(4) enough的用法：

　　(A) 可接复数可数名词和不可数名词。

　　There are enough chairs. (可数)

　　There is enough furniture. (不可数)

　　(B) 可放在年修饰名词的前后。

　　We don‘t have enough time. =We don’t have time enough.

　　(5) hundreds of， dozens of， thousands of， scores of +复数可数名词

　　冠词或数词(one， two...) + (hundred， dozen， thousand， score) 复数可数名词

　　(6) the rest of “其余的”， 可接复数可数名词及不可数名词，作主词时，接可数名词则用复数动词，接不可数名词则用单数动词。

　　The rest of the students are absent. (复数可数名词)

　　The rest of the water was thrown away. 不可数名词)

　　注：the rest作代名词， 等于 the others， 和复数动词连用。